Install MongoDB on Debian¶

概述¶

Use this tutorial to install MongoDB on Debian systems. The tutorial uses .deb packages to install. While some Debian distributions include their own MongoDB packages, the official MongoDB packages are generally more up to date.

注解

This tutorial applies to both Debian systems and versions of Ubuntu Linux prior to 9.10 “Karmic” which do not use Upstart. Other Ubuntu users will want to follow the 在 Ubuntu 中安装 MongoDB tutorial.

Packages¶

MongoDB provides packages of the officially supported MongoDB builds in it’s own repository. This repository provides the MongoDB distribution in the following packages:

mongodb-org

This package is a metapackage that will automatically install the four component packages listed below.
mongodb-org-server

This package contains the mongod daemon and associated configuration and init scripts.
mongodb-org-mongos

This package contains the mongos daemon.
mongodb-org-shell

This package contains the mongo shell.
mongodb-org-tools

This package contains the following MongoDB tools: mongoimport bsondump, mongodump, mongoexport, mongofiles, mongoimport, mongooplog, mongoperf, mongorestore, mongostat, and mongotop.

Control Scripts¶

The mongodb-org package includes various control scripts, including the init script /etc/init.d/mongod.

The package configures MongoDB using the /etc/mongod.conf file in conjunction with the control scripts. See Configuration File Options for documentation of the configuration file.

As of version 2.6.4, there are no control scripts for mongos. The mongos process is used only in sharding. You can use the mongod init script to derive your own mongos control script.

Considerations¶

For production deployments, always run MongoDB on 64-bit systems.

You cannot install this package concurrently with the mongodb, mongodb-server, or mongodb-clients packages that your release of Debian may include.

The default /etc/mongodb.conf configuration file supplied by the 2.6 series .deb package has bind_ip` set to 127.0.0.1 by default. Modify this setting as needed for your environment before initializing a replica set.

Install MongoDB¶

The Debian package management tools (i.e. dpkg and apt) ensure package consistency and authenticity by requiring that distributors sign packages with GPG keys.

1

Import the public key used by the package management system.¶

Issue the following command to add the MongoDB public GPG Key to the system key ring.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10

2

Create a `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list` file for MongoDB.¶

Create the list file using the following command:

echo 'deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/debian-sysvinit dist 10gen' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list

3

Reload local package database.¶

Issue the following command to reload the local package database:

sudo apt-get update

4

Install the MongoDB packages.¶

You can install either the latest stable version of MongoDB or a specific version of MongoDB.

Install the latest stable version of MongoDB.¶

Issue the following command:

sudo apt-get install mongodb-org

Install a specific release of MongoDB.¶

Specify each component package individually and append the version number to the package name, as in the following example that installs the 2.6.1 release of MongoDB:

apt-get install mongodb-org=2.6.1 mongodb-org-server=2.6.1 mongodb-org-shell=2.6.1 mongodb-org-mongos=2.6.1 mongodb-org-tools=2.6.1

Pin a specific version of MongoDB.¶

Although you can specify any available version of MongoDB, apt-get will upgrade the packages when a newer version becomes available. To prevent unintended upgrades, pin the package. To pin the version of MongoDB at the currently installed version, issue the following command sequence:

echo "mongodb-org hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-server hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-shell hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-mongos hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-tools hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Previous versions of MongoDB packages use different naming conventions. See the 2.4 version of documentation for more information.

Run MongoDB¶

The MongoDB instance stores its data files in /var/lib/mongo and its log files in /var/log/mongo, and runs using the mongod user account. If you change the user that runs the MongoDB process, you must modify the access control rights to the /var/lib/mongo and /var/log/mongo directories.

1

Start MongoDB.¶

Issue the following command to start mongod:

sudo service mongod start

2

Verify that MongoDB has started successfully¶

Verify that the mongod process has started successfully by checking the contents of the log file at /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log.

3

Stop MongoDB.¶

As needed, you can stop the mongod process by issuing the following command:

sudo service mongod stop

4

Restart MongoDB.¶

Issue the following command to restart mongod:

sudo service mongod restart

5

Begin using MongoDB.¶

To begin using MongoDB, see MongoDB 快速入门. Also consider the 生产环境指南 document before deploying MongoDB in a production environment.

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