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$slice

$slice

2.4 新版功能.

The $slice modifier limits the number of array elements during a $push operation. To project, or return, a specified number of array elements from a read operation, see the $slice projection operator instead.

To use the $slice modifier, it must appear with the $each modifier.

Tip

You can pass an empty array [] to the $each modifier such that only the $slice modifier has an effect.

    在 2.6 版更改:
  • The $slice can slice from the beginning of the array.

  • Trying to use the $slice modifier without the $each modifier results in an error.

  • The order in which the modifiers appear is immaterial. Previous versions required the $each modifier to appear as the first modifier if used in conjunction with $slice.

db.collection.update( <query>,
                      { $push: {
                                 <field>: {
                                            $each: [ <value1>, <value2>, ... ],
                                            $slice: <num>
                                          }
                               }
                      }
                    )

The <num> can be:

  • zero to update the array <field> to an empty array,

  • negative to update the array <field> to contain only the last <num> elements, or

  • positive to update the array <field> contain only the first <num> elements.

    2.6 新版功能.

Examples

Slice from the End of the Array

A collection students contains the following document:

{ "_id" : 1, "scores" : [ 40, 50, 60 ] }

The following operation adds new elements to the scores array, and then uses the $slice modifier to trim the array to the last five elements:

db.students.update( { _id: 1 },
                    { $push: { scores: {
                                         $each: [ 80, 78, 86 ],
                                         $slice: -5
                                       }
                             }
                    }
                  )

The result of the operation is slice the elements of the updated scores array to the last five elements:

{ "_id" : 1, "scores" : [  50,  60,  80,  78,  86 ] }

Slice from the Front of the Array

A collection students contains the following document:

{ "_id" : 2, "scores" : [ 89, 90 ] }

The following operation adds new elements to the scores array, and then uses the $slice modifier to trim the array to the first three elements.

db.students.update( { _id: 2 },
                    { $push: { scores: { $each: [ 100, 20 ], $slice: 3 } } }
                  )

The result of the operation is to slice the elements of the updated scores array to the first three elements:

{ "_id" : 2, "scores" : [  89,  90,  100 ] }

Update Array Using Slice Only

A collection students contains the following document:

{ "_id" : 3, "scores" : [  89,  70,  100,  20 ] }

To update the scores field with just the effects of the $slice modifier, specify the number of elements to slice (e.g. -3) for the $slice modifier and an empty array [] for the $each modifier, as in the following:

db.students.update(
                    { _id: 3 },
                    { $push: { scores: { $each: [ ], $slice: -3 } } }
                  )

The result of the operation is to slice the elements of the scores array to the last three elements:

{ "_id" : 3, "scores" : [  70,  100,  20 ] }

Use $slice with Other $push Modifiers

A collection students has the following document:

{
   "_id" : 5,
   "quizzes" : [
                  { wk: 1, "score" : 10 },
                  { wk: 2, "score" : 8 },
                  { wk: 3, "score" : 5 },
                  { wk: 4, "score" : 6 }
               ]
}

The following $push operation uses:

  • the $each modifier to add multiple documents to the quizzes array,
  • the $sort modifier to sort all the elements of the modified quizzes array by the score field in descending order, and
  • the $slice modifier to keep only the first three sorted elements of the quizzes array.
db.students.update( { _id: 5 },
                    { $push: { quizzes: { $each: [ { wk: 5, score: 8 },
                                                   { wk: 6, score: 7 },
                                                   { wk: 7, score: 6 } ],
                                          $sort: { score: -1 },
                                          $slice: 3
                                        }
                             }
                    }
                  )

The result of the operation is keep only the three highest scoring quizzes:

{ "_id" : 5,
  "quizzes" : [
                { "wk" : 1, "score" : 10 },
                { "wk" : 2, "score" : 8 },
                { "wk" : 5, "score" : 8 }
              ]
}

The order of the modifiers is immaterial to the order in which the modifiers are processed. See Modifiers for details.

←   $each $sort  →